Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (Picea abies H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts

According to recent studies, Norway spruce cones and eastern hemlock possess exceptionally high antioxidant capacities; however, the efficiency of extractives their bioactive effects have yet be investigated in detail. The present article utilizes state-of-the art analytical chemical methodology chemometric evaluation reveal cone with highest potential, accounting for possible effects. Antioxidant properties were determined by Ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay Folin–Ciocalteu’s total phenol content (TPC) assay. Structure relative polyphenol concentrations using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/tandem mass spectrometry. antibacterial testing was conducted Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli strains. Using correlation analysis factor analysis, a scoring implemented determine compare extractives. In spruce, piceatannol-O-hexoside coumaric acid derivatives found most powerful antioxidants, while hemlock, kaempferol glycosides powerful. test did not show any promising antimicrobial activity against E. coli, although visible inhibitory effect on S. strain observed.